<\/p>\n

\n
• Brit Chadashah (New Covenant)\n
  \n
  • Known as the New Testament, this completes Biblical Judaism, just as the Tanach brings the knowledge of God, the Brit Chadashah provides the understanding and wisdom, the clarity of Yeshua as taught through\u2014out the Tanach.\n
    \n
    • Good news of Yeshua: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John<\/li>\n
    • Letters from Yeshua\u2019s emissary Paul: 1^{st<\/sup> and 2nd<\/sup> Corinthians, Ephesians, Galatians, Philippians, Colossians, 1st<\/sup> and 2nd<\/sup> Thessalonians, 1st<\/sup> and 2nd<\/sup> Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews.<\/li>\n}
    • Letters from Yeshua\u2019s emissary\u2019s: James, 1^{st<\/sup> and 2nd<\/sup> Peter, 1st<\/sup>, 2nd<\/sup>, and 3rd<\/sup> John, Jude.<\/li>\n}
    • The Revelation of Yeshua the Messiah to John.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      We are aware today all the books of God\u2019s Word are prophetic as well as historical in nature.<\/p>\n

      Rabbinic Judaism<\/h1>\n

      Interestingly today, Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity both came into existence at about the same time. Rabbinic Judaism was NOT the form of Judaism active at the time of Yeshua, at least in the sense we think of it today. Rabbinic Judaism is the product of a people in exile after the 2^{nd<\/sup> Temple was destroyed in 70 A.D. Its tenets were codified starting 90 A.D. and finishing about 200 A.D. by individuals trying to reconcile Biblical Judaism and oral tradition in light of the fact they could no longer carry out the requirements of the sacrificial system.[5] Since this was the segment of Judaism which had rejected their messiah (Yeshua Ha-Mashiach) and was now living in the diaspora,[6] this left them in confusion over how to live out their faith. Unable to atone for sin through the sacrificial system, they developed a works based theology that developed into what we have today as Rabbinic Judaism.<\/p>\n}

      Extra-Biblical Writings of Judaism from which Rabbinic Judaism Stems<\/h1>\n

      Keep in mind that the writings of the Mishnah and Talmud are rooted deeper in history than the first century. Pharisaic Judaism is the concept of building a fence around the law.\u00a0 At the time of the Babylonian captivity Rabbi\u2019s recognized the reason for the captivity was because of the violation of the law.\u00a0 This started out fairly benign with good intensions.\u00a0 At the time of Ezra they began analyzing all 613 laws spelled out in the Torah.\u00a0 One by one they tried to figured out all possible ways a person could transgress God\u2019s law.\u00a0 So they built a fence around the law itself.\u00a0 The idea is that if you avoided the fence you would not transgress what was inside the fence and thus avoid any transgression.\u00a0 The problem was that as time went on, the scribes put more and more importance on these until they were considered as binding as the law itself.<\/p>\n

      To give authentication to this, they began to teach God really gave two laws to Moses, the Written and the Oral.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Ezra was a sofer (scribe) and he began writing these principles down along with the Levites.[7]\u00a0 At that time it was agreed that one soffer could disagree with another soffer but they could not disagree with the Torah.\u00a0 About a century and a half later another school called conageim arose.\u00a0 They started the concept that you could disagree with a tanna but you cannot disagree with the sofer (scribe).\u00a0 This meant what the seforim concluded became mandatory law.\u00a0 So the logical question was: why should we keep the law just because a sofer said it?\u00a0 The answer became that it was because it was actually given at the time of Moses.\u00a0 There is no evidence of any kind to support this answer, not from scripture or any other source.\u00a0 It all starts with Ezra.[8]<\/p>\n

      The Mishnah was redacted circa 200\u2014220 CE by Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi. According to the Talmud, the persecution of the Jews and the passage of time raised the possibility that the details of the oral traditions dating from Pharisaic times (536 BCE\u201470 CE) would be forgotten.[9] There are 63 tractates Rabbi Yehudah set down as the oral law.<\/p>\n

      Talmud Yerushalmi (Jerusalem Talmud), sometimes referred to as the Palestinian Talmud, was codified around 400 CE. It is a discussion and commentary about the Mishnah.[10]<\/p>\n

      Talmud Bavli (Babylonian Talmud) was written by the Rabbi\u2019s leading in the area of Babylon. Around 500 CE these writings are more extensive than the Talmud Yerushalmi and have become the authority describing the Oral Law.<\/p>\n

      Although not scripture, many of these writings have been inspired by God giving the authors insights into the Tanach. For example there is teaching of the Messiah coming twice, once as a suffering servant and once later as a mighty king and ruler forever. This was teaching from ancient Rabbi\u2019s before the time of Yeshua. Mashiach ben David was to come, however, Mashiach ben Joseph had to come first. We know this as believers and recognize Yeshua as the Suffering servant spoken of by Isaiah and others. Much of these early writings about the nature of the Messiah are ignored and denied by todays Rabbis.<\/p>\n

      By Yeshua\u2019s time the Pharisees had established thousands of laws building fences around every aspect of life as prescribed in the Torah. As time passed, these fences took on more and more importance creating a life of their own. This is what Yeshua was condemning in Matthew 6 and 23; Mark 7.<\/p>\n

      Rabbinic tradition sees itself as having the final authority.[11]<\/p>\n

      Messianic Judaism and Biblical Judaism are ONE AND THE SAME<\/h1>\n

      The revelation of Yeshua Ha-Mashiach (Jesus the Christ) is on every page of scripture, both in the pages of the Tanach and the Brit Chadashah (Old and New Testaments). Other than the book of Revelation itself, the whole Brit Chadashah is an explanation and an unfolding of prophecy of the Coming of the Messiah and the works He would perform. Luke 24:27 Then beginning with Moses and with all the prophets, He explained to them the things concerning Himself in all the Scriptures. <\/em><\/p>\n

      There is no way to understand the teachings of Yeshua without a basic knowledge of Judaism. In fact all major tenets of scripture are related to an understanding of their Jewishness.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Historical Background: Part 1<\/h1>\n

      What caused the separation between the Jewish people and Christianity? The worst schism in history, completely outside of God\u2019s will is the separation between Christianity and Judaism. Let\u2019s see how this came about.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Books of Maccabees<\/h2>\n

      For 125 years after Alexander the Great the Seleucids and the Ptolemies battled for Israel. 198 BCE Antiochus III defeated the Egyptians and incorporated Judea into his empire. Antiochus III had several defeats at the hands of the Romans and as such began a program of \u201cHellenization.\u201d Antiochus IV inherited a brief Jewish rebellion, which he attempted to quell in 176 BCE by forcing the Jews to abandon central tenants of Judaism; such as the Sabbath and circumcision. He then defiled the Temple by erecting an altar to the god, Zeus. Further violation occurred when he sacrificed pigs and opened the shrine to non-Jews. 164 BCE the Maccabees recaptured Jerusalem and purified the Temple. Thus the Holiday Hanukkah and Jewish independence for another 80 years.<\/p>\n

      Pompey of Rome 63 BCE: first conquest of Israel by Rome<\/h2>\n

      Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, split the Maccabean Kingdom (Hasmonean) into five districts governed by the Sanhedrin based in Jerusalem.<\/p>\n

      Pacorus I of Parthia 37 BCE<\/h2>\n

      Pacorus I of Parthia took Israel from Rome in 37 BCE for a short time and then it was recaptured by Rome.<\/p>\n

      Herod 1 Ruled Israel for Rome until 4 BCE<\/h2>\n

      Herod was a madman who murdered his own family and a great many Rabbis. He expanded the Temple Mount and constructed the 2^{nd<\/sup> Temple. Caesarea Maritima, Masada and Herodium were built during his rule.[12]<\/p>\n}

      Herod an Edomite placed Babylonian and Alexandrian High\u2014Priests in the Temple. The people did not follow Herod or his ways and Herod enforced his policies with very strict consequences; which usually meant crucifixion.<\/p>\n

      Yeshua\u2019s Time<\/h2>\n

      The Jewish people were looking for a strong Messiah to lead them out of the bondage of Roman Control. They truly hoped it would be someone like Judah Maccabee.<\/p>\n

      John the Baptist was beheaded after his imprisonment for testifying against Herod Antipater, in relation to him divorcing his wife and marrying his brother\u2019s former wife, Herodias. The climate of the political power and punishment during that time was unbelievably cruel and extreme.<\/p>\n

      Jerusalem Tisha B\u2019Av 70 CE<\/h2>\n

      The triumphal Entry.<\/p>\n

      Yeshua wept over the city. Luke 19:41-44 Not one stone will be left on another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation.<\/em><\/p>\n

      Luke 21:10 starts with future warnings and goes on to warn them personally: \u201cand let NOT those who are in the country enter the city\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      In the year 66, the Jewish Rebel forces took Jerusalem. Titus Vespasian surrounded the city with the 5^{th<\/sup>, 12th<\/sup>, and 15th<\/sup> legions from the west and the 10th<\/sup> legion from the East on the Mt of Olives.<\/p>\n}

      Titus allowed pilgrims to enter the city to celebrate Passover, but then he did not allow them to leave, this put significant pressure on the food supplies and water. The siege ended with the total destruction of the city and the Second Temple on Tisha B\u2019Av in the beginning of August. The ensuing battle and extermination killed everyone in the city and surrounding vicinity. Josephus reports that of all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, 1.1 million killed and only one hundred thousand slaves captured. During the siege and time leading up to it, 500 Jews were crucified each day\u2014so many crosses that there was no room for all of them.[13]<\/p>\n

      Titus had wanted the Temple for the Roman Emperor and for the Roman pantheon. It was not his plan to destroy it. A Roman soldier threw a burning stick onto one of the Temple walls and the whole thing caught on fire.<\/p>\n

      Both Temples fell on Tisha B\u2019Av. Because the temple walls were covered with gold, Titus ordered the temple dismantled stone by stone to recover the gold, thus Yeshua\u2019s prophecy about the destruction was literal to the last detail, \u201cnot one stone left upon another.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      Figure 1 Arch of Titus with the relief of the spoils from the Temple.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Josephus returned to Rome with Titus and settled there as a client of the emperor. He gained Roman citizenship and took on the family name of the Emperor \u201cFlavius.\u201d<\/p>\n

      The Wars of the Jews<\/strong>, is his primary work we are interested in. This is the work from the Maccabean revolt up to the destruction of the Jewish nation; it provides invaluable information about the Second Temple time.<\/p>\n

      The Antiquities of the Jews<\/strong>, is his work from the creation of the world to his present day, drawing on the Septuagint, and other historians.<\/p>\n

      The Early Believers<\/h2>\n

      100,000 slaves taken for Roman Projects. 20,000 for the coliseum itself.<\/p>\n

      William Cave wrote “… the Sabbath or Saturday<\/strong> (for so the word sabbatum is constantly used in the writings of the fathers, when speaking of it as it relates to Christians) was held by them in great veneration, and especially in the Eastern parts honoured with all the public solemnities of religion. This is plain, not only from some passages in Ignatius and Clemens’s Constitutions, but from writers of more unquestionable credit and authority. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, tells us that they assembled on Saturdays… to worship Jesus Christ, the Lord of the Sabbath.[14]<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Historical Background: Part Two<\/h1>\n

      Last week we ended our discussion with Tisha B\u2019Av; when the Temple was destroyed by Titus Vespasian. There are several facts of interest between Yeshua\u2019s resurrection and the destruction of the Temple. Eusebius\u2019 tells us Herod deliberately burned the genealogies of the Jewish people. This was to make himself appear of noble origin, since no one would be able to trace their pedigree by public record. Eusebius also records this as a time of innumerable commotions, tumults, and wars. At this time the Roman government primarily considered the conflict between the new believers in Yeshua and the non-believing Jews as simply an internal conflict which really was none of their concern.[15]<\/p>\n

      We know from the book of Acts that the gospel was being preached and many thousands were coming to the Lord.[16] These were devout Jews from all nations living in Jerusalem, and came to be known as Christians.[17] The term Christian is only used three times in the Brit Chadashah (New Testament). All three times it is in reference to gentile followers of Yeshua. The predominantly Jewish believers were called people of \u201cThe Way\u201d or \u201cNazarenes\u201d i.e. of the sect of Judaism following the teaching of the Nazarene.<\/p>\n

      At this same time the High Priest and the Sanhedrin they were continuing to persecute those following \u201cThe Way.\u201d[18] Peter and John were arrested, but Rabbi Gamaliel\u2019s influence helped to free them.[19] Next Stephen was stoned. Sha\u2019ul (Paul of Tarsus) was helping the Sanhedrin to rout the new believers. He jailed and persecuted many, receiving written authority from the High Priest to go to the synagogues in Damascus and take prisoner the followers of The Way living there.[20] The High priest and Sanhedrin did not have jurisdiction outside of Jerusalem. There is no historical record of them issuing edicts (written documents) at that time against the believers. It is believed that the Temple rulers were also acting without Roman authority, using mob mentality to execute judgment against believers.[21] Persecution started in earnest after this.<\/p>\n

      It was at this time Sha\u2019ul (Paul) was confronted on the road to Damascus by Yeshua, and he became one of the greatest advocates of the people in \u201cthe Way.\u201d Sha\u2019ul exchanged roles: from persecutor of the believers, to become one of the persecuted.<\/p>\n

      James, the son of Zebedee, was beheaded by Herod Agrippa primarily for political reasons. At this same time the High Priest and different leaders in the Sanhedrin were vying for power. They literally came to blows with sticks and stones. More and more anarchy was rising up in Jerusalem and the surrounding areas. It is very clear from the historians of the day that the Roman government did not always have control over these people. In spite of this, the numbers of believers was growing rapidly (Acts 5:14-16; Acts 21:20) \u201cYou see, brother, how many [tens of] thousands of Jews have believed, and all of them are zealous for the law.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      The power base of the Jewish leadership was directly challenged by all the Jewish people following Yeshua. They had been placed into those positions of office by Herod and were not giving up this power without a fight.<\/p>\n

      The Roman leadership was no better. They had been fighting with the Jewish people for many years and it seemed there was no end in sight to the conflict. They also were fighting among themselves; vying for power over the region. One of those governors was Caius, who led after Tiberius died. Beginning with Alexandria, he instituted emperor worship by ordering that all of the synagogues be filled with statues with his own image. When he turned his attention to the Temple in Jerusalem, he received great opposition from the Jewish people.<\/p>\n

      Now around this time Nero became emperor and formally persecuted the Jewish believers and Christians around the empire. He executed Sha\u2019ul and Peter around 64 CE. With Nero\u2019s death in 68 CE,\u00a0 Vespasian took control as discussed earlier.<\/p>\n

      Jerusalem at this time was in complete disarray. James, the half-brother of Yeshua, was the head of the believers in Jerusalem. When he was ordered to renounce his faith as a public demonstration, he instead reaffirmed his commitment to Yeshua and testified to the correctness of the movement. He was thrown from the Temple wall. Eusebius records that Jerusalem became a place of complete anarchy during this time.<\/p>\n

      Yeshua warned of the Vengeance to be poured out upon Jerusalem.<\/h2>\n

      41 When He approached Jerusalem, He saw the city and wept over it, 42 saying, “If you had known in this day, even you, the things which make for peace! But now they have been hidden from your eyes. 43 “For the days will come upon you when your enemies will throw up a barricade against you, and surround you and hem you in on every side, 44 and they will level you to the ground and your children within you, and they will not leave in you one stone upon another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation.”<\/em> Luke 19:41-44, NASU<\/p>\n

      20 “But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then recognize that her desolation is near. 21 “Then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains, and those who are in the midst of the city must leave, and those who are in the country must not enter the city; 22 because these are days of vengeance, so that all things which are written will be fulfilled. 23 “Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing babies in those days; for there will be great distress upon the land and wrath to this people; 24 and they will fall by the edge of the sword, and will be led captive into all the nations; and Jerusalem will be trampled underfoot by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. <\/em>Luke 21:20-24, NASU<\/p>\n

      Josephus and Eusebius both attribute the martyrdom of James the Just as being the trigger point for God\u2019s wrath to be poured out on Jerusalem and its inhabitants. The Jewish believers in Yeshua numbered close to 100,000. They fled to Pella across the Jordan. This is where they lived with their families. Eusebius also attributes Matthew 24:19-21 to this time.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0The Rift between Rome and the Jewish People After the destruction of the Temple<\/h2>\n

      It is difficult to summarize all that happened during this tumultuous period of history. Roman leaders openly destroyed synagogues and Jewish communities in different areas. Where synagogues were allowed to exist, laws prohibited synagogues from accepting proselytes, and Christians were forbidden from practicing Jewish customs. Yeshua\u2019s followers attended synagogues; in some cases being accepted as fellow Jews, and in other cases they were harassed for their faith. Many Jewish people came to faith, but many others hardened their hearts against Yeshua.<\/p>\n

      This period is almost 200 years before Yeshua\u2019s birth up through the next 400 years after Yeshua\u2019s birth. The plight of the Jewish people extends up through the present day, with one of the most significant events in History being accomplished May 14^{th<\/sup> 1948: the rebirth of the nation Israel. David Ben-Gurion declared in a quote from Ezekiel, \u201cCan a nation be born in an instant at the stroke of a pen?\u201d And indeed, this is exactly what happened. But the part we are interested in rests in the events around the time of Yeshua.<\/p>\n}

      People do not comprehend the complexities of the world in and around Judea during the time of Yeshua. The Romans controlled the world at that time, but, other factions still were vying for power. Inside the Roman Senate the political climate was worse than the external enemies they were fighting. Political power was played out by killing those perceived to be a threat to the emperors\u2019 power base; not even those within their own families were safe.<\/p>\n

      The Jewish people were a constant thorn in the side of the Romans. Jews refused to be ruled by a foreign government and pagan practices. Rome assimilated the Greek culture Alexander the Great had enforced across the known world. For several hundred years these pagan cultures had attempted to assimilate God\u2019s chosen people.<\/p>\n

      Judea was at the cross-roads of this hostile environment. It was only through divine providence and the tenacity God instilled in them, that they were able to survive as a people. Herod the Great created a dynasty at the time of Yeshua, ruling over all Judea. He also surrounded the Temple with High Priests and Sanhedrin that he could influence; much to the peoples\u2019 displeasure. These religious leaders controlled activities in the Temple; thus maintaining some semblance of power.<\/p>\n

      Yeshua was perceived as a serious threat to the power base of Temple, and to Roman authority. This was not about following God\u2019s commandments or seeking His counsel. The Temple leadership was corrupt to the core; leaving the people to languish in poverty, taxation, injustice, and inequality. As a whole, they were still shortsighted and selfish; refusing to look at the real consequences of their actions. They ignored the signs and the writings of the prophets, and yet God held them accountable for their actions. As the leadership goes, so goes the people.<\/p>\n

      We, as a people of God, have to realize that God is just; the consequences of our actions are real and permanent.<\/p>\n

      After Yeshua\u2019s ascension into heaven, Judea was in complete chaos. Small Jewish revolts were taking place, Synagogues were being destroyed or taken over throughout the land and in Jerusalem itself complete anarchy prevailed several times until its final destruction.<\/p>\n

      It is clear at this time Roman law and the prevailing opinion viewed the \u201cfollowers of the way\u201d as just another sect of Judaism. They viewed all of these sects of Judaism as being one body with internal conflicts. It is equally clear, in these early predominantly Jewish times that the distinction between believers and the other sects of Judaism came from the internal conflict in the synagogue itself. Part of this conflict was theological in nature, and part of it was similar as to what took place in the Temple i.e. the people in authority were not going to submit to the Apostles or the testimony they provided. This wedge was being driven between them.<\/p>\n

      All these things were happening together predominantly in the same time period:<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \n
      • The people of the nations (the gentiles) were becoming Christians.<\/li>\n
      • The gentiles quickly outnumbered the Jewish believers; even surpassing the total Jewish population.<\/li>\n
      • Roman Emperors were passing many laws against the Jewish people, death sentences were common.<\/li>\n
      • Roman government was still actively at war with many factions of the Jewish people.<\/li>\n
      • Rabbi Akkiva (best known Rabbi at the time) declared Simon Bar Kokvah as the Messiah; this was the final element separating the believers in \u201cthe Way\u201d from other sects of Judaism.<\/li>\n
      • Jews were being displaced from their homeland and other areas; moving from place to place seeking refuge from the persecution all over the Roman Empire.<\/li>\n
      • The new Christians were from a pagan culture. Old traditions are hard to get away from, especially when you still live in the culture. These new Christians viewed their faith from this background and influence.<\/li>\n
      • Judaism was foreign and unheard of to these people. They only had negative imagery and negative information about how bad these people were, after being at war with them for generations.<\/li>\n
      • The new Christians were from a pagan religious culture.\n
        \n
        • Worshipping the gods of your ancestors was required by law.<\/li>\n
        • You were identified by the gods of your ancestors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Sunday worship.\n
          \n
          • In the Roman world, Sunday was the only day away from work. Sunday was, \u201cThe venerated day of the SUN.\u201d<\/li>\n
          • Four sects of sun worship were predominant in the Roman culture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • There were laws against Jews proselyting. Breaking these laws was punishable by death.<\/li>\n
          • There were laws against Christians following any Jewish customs or associating with Jews; again punishable by death.<\/li>\n
          • No protection was given to the Christian who abandoned the gods of his ancestors.\n
            \n
            • Emperor worship was mandatory; upon death.<\/li>\n
            • Again no exemption to follow Jewish customs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • Depending on the Emperor sometimes these laws would be less strict and sometimes actual protection was given to the Jewish people.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \n
              • Following \u201cGod\u2019s appointed times\u201d was dangerous:\n
                \n
                • The most obvious way to distinguish a gentile convert to Christianity was if that individual followed the feasts of Israel or worshiped on the Sabbath, this lead to the conclusion the person was secretly sympathizing with the Jews or converting to Judaism.<\/li>\n
                • Someone in the typical Roman culture performing anything Jewish stood out like a sore thumb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                • Jews still congregated in their own communities.\n
                  \n
                  • These Jews in the diaspora had to work together. Between persecution and their way of life they had no choice.<\/li>\n
                  • Their way of life was totally foreign to those around them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • Jews in the diaspora have always been known for owning their own businesses and performing financial matters in the community they live.\n
                    \n
                    • This is out of necessity.<\/li>\n
                    • It is completely impossible to carry on a Biblical lifestyle and work for someone steeped in pagan tradition and culture. Two fundamental aspects demonstrate this:\n
                      \n
                      • The Sabbath: The Roman and Greek Empires worshipped on Sunday. No provision for Shabbat.<\/li>\n
                      • Feast Days fall on any day of the week, depending upon the phase of the moon. No provision was normal in a pagan culture for these days off.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Most of the bishops we call Church Fathers spiritualized the scriptures as allegory. They clearly taught the doctrine that God had abandoned Israel and the church had replaced her. The Jews were eternally condemned. Quite frankly most church fathers were either tolerated or utterly condemned, depending on their stance relating to Israel and the Old Testament Scriptures.<\/p>\n

                        Conclusion<\/h2>\n

                        All things considered, the result we have seen in the church is not surprising. Realizing again the events that occurred during the first century were happening essentially at the same time, a wall of separation was being created between the Jewish people and the church, each one viewing the other as a different religion. The Jews hardened their position and excluded any Christian teaching. The Christians hardened their position also, excluding any Jewish teaching.<\/p>\n

                        Messianic Judaism is the tool God is using to tear down this wall of separation, Messianic Judaism functions as an intermediary between the two branches: it is reconciling the church back into its roots and it is reconciling Judaism back into the fullness of the branches and the recognition of the Messiah.<\/em><\/p>\n

                        As we progress through this series, we will look at these foundations of the faith.<\/p>\n

                        [1] Fruchtenbaum, Arnold G., Israelology, Copyright 1989\u20142001, ISBN 0-914863-05-3, page 10<\/p>\n

                        [2] Genesis 12:1-3 Now the LORD said to Abram, ” Go forth from your country, And from your relatives, And from your father’s house, To the land which I will show you; 2 And I will make you a great nation, And I will bless you, And make your name great; And so you shall be a blessing; 3 And I will bless those who bless you, And the one who curses you I will curse.<\/p>\n

                        And in you all the families of the earth will be blessed.” NASU<\/p>\n

                        [3] Chuck Missler, slogan, and literally true.<\/p>\n

                        [4] Edited by Rabbi Nosson Scherman, Tanach, The ArtScroll Series, Mesorah Publications, ltd. Copyright 1996<\/p>\n

                        [5] God specified sacrifices could only be carried out on the Temple Mount.<\/p>\n

                        [6] Diaspora refers to the Jewish population migrating to ALL parts of the world following the extreme persecution which took place throughout the Roman empire especially following the distruction of the Temple and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132\u2014136 CE).<\/p>\n

                        [7] Nehemiah 8:8 Neh 8:8They read from the book, from the law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading.<\/p>\n

                        [8] Fruchtenbaum, Arnold G., Hebrew Christianity<\/p>\n

                        [9] http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mishneh<\/p>\n

                        [10] Jewish virtual Library.org<\/p>\n

                        [11] Chaim Urbach, Messianic Vision Principles.<\/p>\n

                        [12] Josephus: The Works of Josephus: New Updated Edition; Complete and Unabridged in One Volume, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., Peabody, MA, All three (Josephus, Philo, Eusebius) can be purchased from www.christianbooks.com as one set.<\/p>\n

                        [13] Josephus, see 10<\/p>\n

                        [14] Cave, Primitive Christianity: or the Religion of the Ancient Christians in the First Ages of the Gospel<\/em>. 1840, revised edition by H. Cary. Oxford, London, pp. 84\u201385). http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polycarp#cite_note-13<\/p>\n

                        [15] Acts 25:18-19 “When the accusers stood up, they began bringing charges against him not of such crimes as I was expecting, but they simply had some points of disagreement with him about their own religion and about a dead man, Jesus, whom Paul asserted to be alive. NASU<\/p>\n

                        [16] Acts Chapter 2<\/p>\n

                        [17] Acts 2:5<\/p>\n

                        [18] The Way or Nazarenes was the way Jewish Christians were referred to.<\/p>\n

                        [19] It is not a coincidence Gamaliel was Sha\u2019ul\u2019s teacher.<\/p>\n

                        [20] Acts 9:1-3; 22:5; 26:12<\/p>\n

                        [21] Marvin R. Wilson, Our Father Abraham, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1989<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Messianic Jewish Apologetics: History Part 1-2 A Survey of Messianic Judaism Compiled and written by: Congregational Leader William J. Kuik \u00a0Introduction The Colorado flood of 2013 is a perfect example of how important the foundation is. There were thousands of families without housing. Over an entire years\u2019 worth of rain fell in just 36 hours, … Continue reading Messianic Jewish Apologetics: History Part 1-2<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":23,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/371"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=371"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":375,"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/371\/revisions\/375"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.byeshua.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}